Factors affecting behavioural intentions to use ai-based chatbots in learning among university students in Ho Chi Minh City

Abstract

This research discovers the factors that may hinder or facilitate the Behavioural Intentions to utilise AI-based chatbots for learning purposes of University students studying in Ho Chi Minh City. The trend of developing technology advancements has led to the emergence of chatbots which result in significant transformations in university students' learning processes. Despite the fact that chatbots have become widespread in recent years, there is little comprehensive literature review that focuses on students’ Behavioural Intentions to use chatbots. To investigate this matter, a theoretical framework with eight components was applied based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model. A survey-based quantitative approach was used to collect 318 valid data from 361 university students in Ho Chi Minh City. By using SPSS & SmartPLS4 (Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling), the findings show that only Attitude, Perceived Enjoyment, Facilitating Conditions and Perceived Ease of Use have high potential and are positively and directly associated with university students' Behavioural Intentions to use. Moreover, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, and Social Influence also have positive indirect impact on university students’ Behavioural Intentions to use AIbased chatbots in learning through Attitude mediator. From these analyses, several recommendations to increase the Behavioural Intentions for using AI-based chatbots have been proposed